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Faye family
The patronym Faye (Serer: Fay) is one of the of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. In French-speaking Senegal and Mauritania, and English-speaking Gambia, the surname is spelled ''Faye''.
This Serer surname is unrelated to the similar given name or surname in the Western world. They are also pronounced differently.
The name of their clan is ''Fayeen''. The history of the Faye family is linked to Serer medieval history and . During the Guelowar period (the last maternal dynasty in the ), the Faye family provided many of the kings of Sine. This family's biggest rival to the throne of Sine were the Joof family,〔 with whom they have a long joking relationship according to and .
==History==
The early history of the Faye family goes back to Lamanic times, however they did not achieved particular fame and notoriety until the 14th century.〔Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum", (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19〕〔 The Faye family that had ruled the pre-colonial kingdoms of Sine trace descent to Boukar Djillakh Faye (variation: Bougar Birame Faye), an early 14th century professional wrestler called njom in Serer and patriarch of this patriclan.〔Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", p 705-6 (pp 4-5)〕 In the early 14th century, Boukar Djillakh Faye was regarded as one of the best wrestlers in . The Guelowar princess Lingeer Tening Jom〔Variation: Tening Diom〕 was given to him in marriage. Tening Jom was the niece of Maysa Wali〔 who later became a ''Maad a Sinig'' (title for the king of Sine) — ruling from c. 1350–1370.〔 From that marriage, they had several children including Tasse Faye (or Tassé Faye, the first from this family to rule Sine as ''Maad a Sinig'' during this era) and Waagaan Tening Jom Faye (the king with at least 24 children including 9 daughters)〔Serer proper: ''Waagaan Tening Jom Fay''. Other variations: ''Wagane Tening Diom Faye'' or ''Waagane Massa Faye''〕 — one of the better known kings from this family. Dinned into and Serer history, the Faye family, like their Joof counterparts are one of few Senegambian families that have a family anthem (''boom'').〔 The name of their anthem is ''"Waagaan Koumbassandiane"'',〔 (proper: ''Waagaan Kumbasaanjaan'') who actually was a medieval king of Sine (Maad a Sinig Waagaan Kumbasaanjaan Faye〔 Ndiaye, Fata, "La saga du peuple sérère et l'Histoire du Sine", in ''Éthiopiques (revue)'', numéro 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 ()〕) reported to be one of the longest reigning kings of Sine and ancestor of this family.〔 "L’EPOPEE DE SANMOON FAY", Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine, Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre 1991 () (Retrieved 14 August 2012)〕〔Variation: ''Waagaan Koumba Sandiane Faye'' (see Diouf, pp 716–7 (p 11)〕 This family's anthem forms part of the overture of the Epic of Sanmoon Faye, which relates the history and deeds of Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye, the controversial king of Sine who succeeded Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof in 1871.〔〔 Their family totem is the African warthog (called ''"ruul a koб"'' in Serer,〔 variation: ''"ruul-a-koƥ"''〔Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France) Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), "Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée: JATBA., Volumes 32–33", Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (1985), p 233〕) — (previously grouped with the boar).〔Crétois, Léonce, Becker, Charles "Le vocabulaire sereer de la faune", (Editor: Charles Becker), Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (1983), p iv.〕〔 In the early part of the Guelowar dynastic period (1350–1969), the Faye paternal dynasty was dominant in Sine, providing many of the Serer kings. However they were eventually overtaken by the Joof family who provided more kings of Sine, even from the 19th century to 1969.〔 Notwithstanding the rivalries between these two patriclans, alliances were formed on certain occasions in order to repulse those they perceived as the greater enemy. One of these medieval alliances was between Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye and Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (founder of the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof). That historical alliance was brought about when the Muslim marabout—Mohammadou of Koungo launched jihad in the Sine, threatening the survival of Serer religion in the country.〔 Diessanou Faye, who was on the throne of Sine requested the assistance of the Joof family. Assistance was granted, with the Joof clan led by Boureh Gnilane Joof (son of the warlord king of Laah and conqueror of Baol - Maad Patar Kholleh Joof). The Joof—Faye alliance led to the defeat the Muslim army.〔 For his part in achieving victory, Boureh Gnilane was made Jaraff (equivalent of prime minister) and given the sister of Diessanou Faye (Lingeer Gnilane Faye) in marriage.〔Diouf, pp 708-9 (pp 5-6)〕
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